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Conceptualising Smart Tourism Destination Dimensions Boes, K., Buhalis, D., and Inversini, A., 2015, Conceptualising Smart Tourism Destination Dimensions, in Tussyadiah, I., and Inversini, A., (eds), ENTER 2015 Proceedings, Lugano, Springer-Verlag, Wien, ISBN:9783319143422, pp. 391-404. Kim Boes, Dimitrios Buhalis, and Alessandro Inversini Abstract The term ‘smart’ represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose ‘smartness’ to tourism and destination levels. Keywords Smart city • ICT • Smart tourism destinations • Technology
The term 'smart' represents a marketing word for all things that are embedded or enhanced by technology. One smart concept, which has gained momentum in recent years, is Smart City. It mainly focuses on how to increase the quality of life of citizens by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This paper aims to explore which dimensions except technology are critical for the development of a Smart City and a Smart Tourism Destination. Following a multiple case study approach, this paper develops a framework for smartness in cities and tourism destinations. This exploratory research argues that leadership, innovation, and social capital supported by human capital are the fundamental constructs of smartness. Technology applications and ICTs are enablers, which support the core constructs of smart destinations. Results open the ground for discussing how to transpose 'smartness' to tourism and destination levels.
2015 •
Organized by the International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT), ENTER2015 eTourism Conference is to take place in Lugano, Switzerland, on February 3–6, 2015. The 22nd annual international conference features the latest research and industry case studies on the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) to travel and tourism. The conference theme, “eTourism: Transforming Mobility,” was an invitation to discuss the transformation in travel and tourism due to the latest development in digital technologies. The research track of ENTER2015 received a total of 125 submissions, 107 of which were full research papers covering a diverse variety of fields within the area of ICT and tourism. Each research paper submission went through a rigorous double-blind review process with members of ENTER2015 Scientific Committee assigned as reviewers. Where issues remained, additional reviews were commissioned. As a result, 63 full research papers were accepted for presentation at the conference and are included in these proceedings. While still maintaining a broad topic of ICT applications in travel and tourism, the papers presented in this volume advance the state-of-the-art research on big data and analytics, social media, electronic marketing, mobile computing and recommender systems, mobile sensors and geosocial services, augmented reality, wearable computing, smart tourism, electronic distribution for tourism and hospitality products and services, e-learning, responsive web design and management, and eTourism for development. The papers featured in these proceedings bring new perspectives to the field and give promising evidence that the field of ICT and tourism will continue to contribute to our society. We hope these proceedings will serve as a valuable source of information on the state of the art in ICT and tourism research. We greatly appreciate the considerable time put in by all members of ENTER2015 Scientific Committee who helped us ensure that the content of the research papers was of high quality. We are indebted to the panel of experts who helped us with additional reviews to select candidates for best paper award. We are also thankful to ENTER2015 Overall Chair, Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal, IFITT President, Lorenzo Cantoni, other ENTER2015 organizers, IFITT Board, and all members of IFITT for their support and for accommodating the many inquiries we have made while managing the research track. Importantly, we thank all authors for their willingness to disseminate their latest research at ENTER2015. This conference would not be possible without their efforts. Lastly, we thank all who have expressed interest in the conference and contributed to it. We hope you enjoy Lugano.
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., Inversini, A., 2016, Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness", International Journal of Tourism Cities, Vol. 2(2), pp.108 – 124 Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the smartness concept as a means for competitiveness in tourism destinations.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of big data analytics to support smart destinations by studying the online image of Barcelona (a leading smart city and tourist destination) as transmitted via social media through the analysis of more than 100,000 relevant travel blogs and online travel reviews (OTRs) written in English by tourists who have visited the city in the last 10 years. The proposed methodology used in this paper facilitates the massive gathering, clean-up, and analysis of tourism-related user-generated content (UGC) from the most suitable sources, and helps to define the transmitted image of the city through collecting and processing large volumes of digital data. It is also used to extract business intelligence (BI) from OTRs concerning visits to Barcelona’s main landmark/attraction, La Sagrada Familia. The findings of this massive content analysis of information from a trustworthy source, UGC data, is of utmost usefulness in terms of BI applied to destination management, both in order to develop and assess marketing strategies and to improve branding and positioning policies among tourism and marketing organizations. It reinforces the ability of cities such as Barcelona to develop a smart city and destination concept, and also a strategy for themselves.
"Management and sustainability: Creating shared value in the digital era". Proceedings of Sinergie - Sima Management Conference (Full Papers). Sapienza University of Rome
Smart Destinations: towards a more sustainable tourism industry2019 •
Objectives. In general, the smart approach allows strengthening the ability to solve problems (e.g. those related to sustainability) through an efficacious use of knowledge. Smart management of tourism rests on an information-driven logic, becoming critical the capacity of organizations to capturing data from diverse sources and makes them available to managers. It is recognized that smart tourism destinations are built around a number of areas, within which sustainability is one of them. The paper intends: to present how the literature has addressed the intersection between the smart and sustainability concepts and to display diverse cases in that intersection. Methodology. The study presents a review of the literature of smart tourism and sustainability, trying to unravel the link between both concepts. Then, it performs a collection of experiences on the components of smartness, implemented with satisfactory results and aligned to the management of sustainability issues. Findings. The analysis reveals several gaps that should be bridged for a full exploitation of the intersection between smartness and sustainability. Firstly, the need to move from a focus based on technology, to a more global and long-term perspective on how the data-driven logic of smartness can help to tackle sustainability issues in destinations. Secondly, the smart tourism approach has a potential for the preservation of local heritage, way of living and culture, connecting its capabilities with the social components of smart people, smart mobility and smart living. Finally, the insertion of tourism into the emergent paradigm of circular economy. Research limits. Although the completeness in the collection of experiences in a so vast and dynamic field is a utopia, it is honest to recognize that the speed of technological evolution prevents to present a set of initiatives fully updated, together with their outputs. Practical implications. The design of tourism destinations should not be based on harnessing the ICTs proliferation only, but, more importantly, on the need for balancing all the beneficiaries -from internal publics (residents, local people) and external ones (visitors in one single word, both excursionists and tourists)- through the paradigm of “smartness”, that, in the search for a more sustainable tourism industry, guides people’s living conditions. Originality of the study. The study promotes to moving forward in this area through a cross-fertilization between theory and practice, with the outline of a number of recommendations together with some suggestions for further research in a still under explored field of study.
Journal 4 Research - J4R Journal
" Smart Tourism " : Growth for Tomorrow2016 •
Smart tourism is an upcoming and novel exhortation applied to portray the growing reliance of tourism destinations globally. The tourism industry and its consumers (tourists) are emerging forms of information and communications technology (ICT) that permit for substantial quota of information in the form of data to be modified into value propositions. Nevertheless, it remains vague concept, which hampers its theoretical development. The efforts in this study are put together for defining smart tourism, and the research sheds light on present trends in smart tourism, and then laying out its business and technological establishment. This is pursued by a concise dialogue on the scenario and limitations of smart tourism. The research further draws attention to the immense call for investigation to enlighten smart tourism management and development in present scenario.
Journal of Regional Research
Smart tourism experiences: conceptualisation, key dimensions and research agenda«Smart tourism» has gained momentum in research fostered by the revolution of the latest generation of information and communication technologies and has rapidly become a leading stream of literature. The concept has permeated governments and the business sphere and has been accompanied by the quest for developing smart devices, services and tourist destinations. However, experiences as the main focus of smartness development in tourism and destinations have received comparably little attention in the smart discourse. Smart destinations, as new ecosystems backed by concrete geographical contexts, facilitate the co-creation of a rich, technology-based, smart tourism experience (STE). Yet, a clear definition and examination of the dimensions of what constitutes a smart tourism experience is still to be developed. This paper aims to discuss the main core precedent constructs of STEs, namely: a) technology enhanced experiences and b) smart destinations, to underpin a holistic definition of a smart tourism experience. Based on an in-depth literature review, a novel conceptual model for this concept is developed and an agenda for further research is proposed drawing on the identified key themes and dimensions of this construct. By mapping out smart tourism experiences and providing real examples, this research contributes to the theoretical foundations of smart tourism and tourist experiences.
'Smart tourism' and 'smart tourism destinations' (STDs) have become commonplace in the research of the interrelationship between tourism, destinations and the latest Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). However, research has failed hitherto to identify if this evolution towards smartness of tourism is accompanied by a similar process in tourism education to provide the system with prepared human resources once the transformation has been fully completed. This paper aims to fulfil this gap, by taking the case of Spanish public superior education in tourism, to analyse in which degree ICTs, as critical knowledge and skills required within STDs, are included in tourism curricula and how students assess the formation they receive in this regard. The analysis offers several valuable implications for governments in charge of public education design and opens discussion over the possibility to strengthen the technological side of tourism curricula.
XII International Conference of Tourism and Information & Communication Technologies (Turitec), Málaga
Profiling tourists and their ICTs perception and use across Spanish destinationsInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been massively adopted by tourists in the three stages of the trip life cycle. However, how ICTs are perceived and used by tourists in tourist destinations with different characteristics still constitutes a research gap. It is necessary to better understand how different types of destinations attract determined market segments among which technology adoption and use might vary and have consequences over local tourism management. In this context, this paper aims to explore ICTs perception and use among visitors of three Spanish destinations making efforts through different strategies to become a smart city and/or destination: Calpe, Ávila and Gijón. This work also analyses whether there is a relationship between travellers' ICTs use and their own general profile, but also between ICTs use and destinations profile. Through a common questionnaire with punctual adaptations to local characteristics, a total sample of 1.513 answers from tourists visiting the destinations was obtained. The results, here presented in descriptive statistics, address matters like used technological devices and functions, but also attitudes towards technological mediation of tourist experiences and trust towards other stakeholders of the digital ecosystem. Resumen: Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han sido masivamente adoptadas por parte de los viajeros en las tres fases del ciclo del viaje. No obstante, cómo dichas TIC son percibidas y usadas por los turistas en destinos con distintos perfiles constituye todavía un campo por abordar. Resulta necesario conocer en mayor 2 Acknowledgements: Research carried out within the project 'Analysis of planning processes applied to smart cities and smart tourism destinations. Balance and methodological proposal for tourist spaces: Smart Tourism Planning' (CSO2017-82592-R) under the Spanish National R&D&I Plan funded by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. 28 profundidad cómo destinos con características diferentes atraen determinados segmentos de mercado en los que la penetración de las tecnologías puede variar y tener consecuencias en la gestión local del turismo. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la percepción y utilización de las TIC que hacen los turistas de tres destinos españoles pertenecientes a un proyecto de investigación en el que se abordan como potenciales destinos inteligentes: Calpe, Ávila y Gijón. A través de un cuestionario de base común pero parcialmente adaptado a cada destino, se obtuvo una muestra total de 1.513 participantes. Los resultados, aquí plasmados en forma de estadísticas descriptivas, abordan aspectos como dispositivos tecnológicos usados o funciones llevadas a cabo, pero también actitudes hacia la mediación tecnológica de la experiencia turística y confianza hacia distintos stakeholders del entorno digital.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
Do Smart Tourism Destinations Really Work? The Case of Benidorm2019 •
JOURNAL OF TOURISM INTELLIGENCE AND SMARTNESS
SMART CITIES TO SMART TOURISM DESTINATIONS: A REVIEW PAPERSustainability
Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City2017 •
Smart Cities
Smart Tourism as a Pillar for Sustainable Urban Development: An Alternate Smart City Strategy from Mauritius2019 •
Conférence AFMAT 2019
La stratégie de destination intelligente, facteur clé des mutations des destinations touristiques vulnérables ?2019 •
Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, Vol. IV, Issue 3
MANAGING A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE ECOSYSTEM: TOWARDS A SMART MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE TOURISMSustainability
Building Sustainable Smart Destinations: An Approach Based on the Development of Spanish Smart Tourism Plans2019 •
Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles
Overtourism in urban destinations: the myth of smart solutions2019 •
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Transformative business strategies and new patterns for value creation. Sinergie-SIMA 2018 Conference, Referred Electronic Conference Proceeding
Smart Tourism Destinations and its integration into Territorial CertificationsENTER2017 eTourism Conference PhD Workshop Research Proposals
Online takeaway food ordering: the growth and acceptance of mobile apps2017 •
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Vera-Rebollo, J. Fernando; Ivars-Baidal, Josep A.; Celdrán Bernabeu, Marco A. (eds.). Actas del Seminario Internacional Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes: nuevos horizontes en la investigación y gestión del turismo. Sant Vicent del Raspeig: Publicacions de la Universitat d’Alacant, 2017
Activos de propiedad intelectual y destinos turísticos inteligentes: una aproximación jurídica-empresarial2017 •
Info: The Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications, Information and Media. Emerald Insight
Designing for Participatory Governance: assessing capabilities and toolkits in public service deliverye-Review of Tourism Research
Integrating Overtourism in the Smart Tourism Cities AgendaInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 - Proceedings of the ENTER Conference
NFC Smart City: Cities of the Future—A Scenario Technique Application2019 •